EM4 Digital Electronics Practice Test

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• The arithmetic logic unit is which of the following?
• When counters are referred to by circuit design, they are called
• Which statement describes CMOS static power behavior?
• Which statement best describes a flowchart?
• In a D flip-flop, what value is loaded into Q on the clock edge?
• ESD Shunt diodes perform which function in a circuit?
• Which work surface presents an opportunity for electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage?
• Which of the following describes a PIPO shift register?
• Convert 111001 to Gray code.
• Read-only memory stands for?
• Which component directly enables loading a specific register when the address matches?
• What is another name for a serial in/serial out register?
• A 1-to-4 demultiplexer has how many outputs?
• Using only NAND gates, which sequence correctly realizes f = (A + BC)′?
• A logic probe is used to
• Which standard IC is commonly used to drive 7-segment displays from BCD input?
• Using a 2-to-1 multiplexer, implement the function F = A'B + AC. Which configuration correctly represents this function?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes ROM from RAM?
• A precaution when using a logic probe is to
• Define static hazards and dynamic hazards; provide an example of each.
• Active probes can be ruined by
• What is the purpose of timing diagrams in digital design?
• The logic NOT symbol is also called
• The recommended ohmic value of an ESD wrist strap is approximately what?
• For a 3-to-8 decoder, when inputs are A=1, B=1, C=0, which output line is high?
• Test points provide a means for conveniently and safely determining the operational status of equipment.
• Which description best matches ENIAC?
• (A + B) + C is the same as?
• If the address width is extended to 2 bits, how many registers could theoretically be addressed by the decoder?
• Which diagram is used to illustrate the sequence of operations in a program?
• Derive the sum and carry outputs of a full adder given inputs A, B, Cin.
• Which statement correctly defines the four types of shift registers: SIPO, PISO, SISO, and PIPO?
• What is the role of the 2-to-1 MUX in this datapath?
• The number of________ determines the number of pulses to cycle a counter from 0 count to 0 count.
• A Blocking oscillator uses ______ regenerative feedback
• Which statement describes Von Neumann architecture?
• What element shows the direction of flow in a flowchart?
• In base-2 notation, when the exponent increases by 1, what happens to the value?
• Circuits that perform boolean logic operations are called
• For a JK flip-flop, which input condition causes Q to toggle on the clock edge?
• What is typically used to connect steps and indicate sequence in a flowchart?
• What is the correct approach to derive a next-state table from a state diagram?
• What is hexadecimal referred to
• In an MCU the program is usually stored in the
• What is the characteristic equation of a D flip-flop?
• Higher relative humidity will lower the ESD danger.
• When replacing a DIP chip, which safety measure is recommended?
• What is the bit-width of the register in the datapath?
• What combination of components makes up the tiny datapath?
• A programmable logic controller (PLC) is primarily used for
• What is the effect of an input glitch in a sequential circuit?
• How does a T flip-flop behave for T = 1?
• Which component of a computer microprocessor performs simple logic functions such as AND, OR, and XOR?
• Which output line is high for a 3-to-8 decoder with inputs A=0, B=1, C=1?
• In numbering systems, what term describes the base used by the system?
• In a 3-to-8 decoder, with inputs A=0, B=0, C=1, which output is high?
• In Karnaugh maps, what does wrap-around adjacency allow?
• To realize a 2-Bit Register Using Flip-Flops, How Many Flip-Flops Are Required?
• What type of diagram is most useful in learning the detailed component operation of a system?
• Which statement best describes how a synchronous counter updates its state?
• If a three-input NAND gate has all inputs low, the output will be
• Which of the following is the clompic circuit?
• In an asynchronous ripple counter, what triggers the toggling of a given stage after the first stage?
• What is the base of the octal numeral system?
• The number of stages determines the number of pulses needed to complete a cycle.
• What is the purpose of a decision symbol in a flowchart?
• EAROM memory is described as being electrically alterable. Which characteristic is associated with EAROM?
• Contamination delay is defined as which of the following?
• Which component is primarily responsible for performing logical operations on binary signals in a digital circuit?
• Hazards in combinational circuits are typically caused by what phenomenon?
• -5 in 8-bit two's complement is represented as:
• In a finite-state machine, which statement correctly characterizes Moore and Mealy machines?
• What is metastability and how can it be avoided?
• Which statement about PROM is true?
• In a Moore machine, on what does the output depend?
• Which device has a fixed OR network and a programmable AND array?
• For a three-bit word A, B, C, the parity bit P is defined as P = A ⊕ B ⊕ C; P is 1 if the number of ones is odd.
• In an MCU calculations are done by the
• According to the material, The Arithmetic Logic Unit is the control element of the entire microprocessors.
• Common logic probes cannot operate with voltages exceeding how many volts?
• Given a state diagram, what is the correct method to produce a next-state table?
• How can a 2-to-1 multiplexer be implemented from basic gates?
• A byte consists of eight bits.
• Which base is used by the octal numeral system?
• Which statement best describes the role of a flowchart?
• What does PLC stand for?
• Which statement best describes PROM, PLA, and PAL in programmable logic devices?
• If a gate drives more load capacitance, what is the effect on timing?
• The MCU architecture where instructions and data use the same bus is?
• What is another name for a serial in/ serial out register?
• Describe a 4-input priority encoder and its output behavior.
• In an EEPROM data can only be changed by erasing everything and starting over
• In the described datapath, where does the address input go?
• Which symbol indicates an input or output operation in a flowchart?
• A data direction register
• How is fan-out determined for a gate driving N identical inputs?
• A Johnson counter with n flip-flops has a sequence length of how many states?
• Distinguish between a synchronous counter and an asynchronous (ripple) counter.
• Extended Binary coded decimal interchange code (EBCDIC) is a _____ bit character encoding.
• What is the basic operation of an SR latch built with NOR gates?
• Which statement about humidity and ESD danger is true?
• Which statement best compares TTL and CMOS logic in terms of speed and power?
• What is the function of a 2-to-1 multiplexer in this datapath?
• The main component in an inverter circuit is the
• The binary number 100000 carries a decimal weight of what?
• Which statement best describes how SRAM differs from DRAM?
• Which of the following is an advantage of EAROM memory over EPROM?
• In ESD control, the resistor should be located at or near the point of contact with the benchtop.
• In Boolean algebra, the expression A + B describes which operation?
• How do a latch and a flip-flop differ in terms of clocking?
• Which processor unit performs arithmetic and logic operations such as AND, OR, and XOR?
• What must occur for loading into a selected register to happen?
• Which symbol denotes a decision point in a flowchart?
• How can glitches be minimized in a combinational circuit?
• What is the next-state table used for with respect to state diagrams?
• Which component stores the current result or operands for ALU operations?
• Which CPU function interfaces the computer with peripheral devices?
• A logic pulser injects a 1 or 0 into a circuit
• Which component is typically used to achieve precise timing in a clock generator?
• How would you implement a 1-to-4 demultiplexer using two cascaded 1-to-2 demultiplexers?
• Simplify the Boolean expression f = A'B + AB' + AB.
• For a 4-bit ripple-carry adder, how many full-adder propagation delays determine the worst-case delay to the final carry output?
• Which combination forms the tiny datapath?
• Which memory type allows updating data by removing and rewriting individual bytes and is sometimes used for firmware storage?
• A NOR is which of the following?
• Which device is used to safely handle DIP ICs to prevent electrostatic damage?
• A flip-flop in this design primarily serves what purpose?
• RAM stands for
• Which statement best describes the overall data flow?
• What is the role of memory address lines in a ROM and how is data accessed?
• What is the basic unit of information in digital electronics that can be either 0 or 1?
• What is the decimal value of hexadecimal 2E?
• Which code is commonly associated with IBM mainframes and uses 8 bits per character?
• What does ESD stand for?
• Which statement about ROM is true?
• āx3 is associated with which logic gate?
• Which device is commonly used to monitor a digital circuit and indicate high/low logic levels but does not drive the circuit?
• In binary notation, the value 100000 represents which decimal number?
• If precise timing is required, the clock generator will usually use?
• Define propagation delay, contamination delay, setup time, and hold time.
• A byte is composed of how many bits?
• Which symbol is commonly used to represent input and output operations?
• Explain static-1 hazard in the two-level implementation f = AB + A'C and how to mitigate. Which statement is most accurate?
• In what year was ENIAC completed?
• What does a 2-to-4 decoder do in the datapath?
• Which encoding uses 8 bits per character?
• Which memory type is typically non-volatile and used for firmware storage in MCUs?
• Which statement is false about ESD protection diodes?
• An accumulator stores data currently being used by the ALU
• Which diagram type is described as block or single line?
• What is the basic type of removable (replacable) memory you will find in standard desktop computers?
• The ENIAC is one of the earliest electronic computers. What does ENIAC stand for?
• Three common computer bus types are
• Write the truth table for a 3-to-8 decoder with inputs A, B, C.
• Which diagrams are the most convenient from which to learn the basic function of a circuit?
• An instruction cycle is?
• The +5v level TTL is called a logical
• Which statement about flow charts is true?
• Which statement about ENIAC is true?
• Which statement best describes ENIAC's place in computing history?
• Increasing the base-2 exponent by 1 results in which effect?
• In a 2-to-1 multiplexer, if the select input S is 0, which data input is forwarded to the output?
• Which device performs inversion on a digital signal?
• How many registers are indicated in this tiny datapath description?
• How is the choice of which register is loaded communicated to the datapath?
• In standard flowchart symbols, which shape is used to represent a process step?
• Convert 622 to hex.
• Which element marks where a process begins and ends?
• What sequence does a 4-bit Johnson counter generate?
• Which symbol is not a standard flowchart symbol?
• What is the primary purpose of a flow chart?
• Which symbol represents a NOT logic gate in standard digital circuit diagrams?
• What does a parity error indicate and how is it detected?
• Explain Karnaugh map grouping for a 4-variable function.
• A three input NAND has two low inputs and a high input; the output will be
• Present the JK flip-flop truth table.
• MCU stands for?
• How would you implement a modulo-10 counter using 4-bit binary flip-flops?
• Which property explains why (A + B) + C equals A + (B + C)?
• What is the truth table for a 4-to-16 decoder?
• Which statement about ENIAC is true?
• Define a Karnaugh map.
• For a 3-input NAND gate, if all inputs are high, the output is
• The minimized expression f(A,B,C) = A'C' + AC covers which minterms?
• What is clock skew and its effect in synchronous systems?
• Using a Karnaugh map, the minimized sum for f(A,B,C) with minterms 0, 2, 5, 7 is?
• What is the general role of a parity bit in a data transmission?
• The expression A * B denotes which logic operation?
• What is clock gating used for?
• In Karnaugh maps, what does wrap-around adjacency mean?
• Which CPU function interfaces the computer with peripheral devices?
• Provide an example of a static-0 hazard.
• A UART permits communication between an MCU and devices using other data formats and timing
• To mitigate a static-1 hazard in AB + A'C, which redundant product term could be added?
• In ESD control, where should the resistance in the benchtop ground cable be located?
• Define a shift register with serial input and serial output.
• Explain the concept of setup and hold constraints in flip-flops.
• Which register holds the address of the next instruction to be executed?
• A NOR gate can be described as
• In an EAPROM, data can be changed
• Which term describes memory that retains data without power and is used for firmware?
• What are the three basic requirements of timing pulse?
• Show how to realize a full adder using two half adders.
• Why are differentiators used as part of digital circuitry?
• A logical pulser creates a timed pulse to
• The set of numbers that a number system is based on is called
• The expression Y = A applies to which device in digital logic?
• Which symbol is typically used to denote the start and end of a flowchart?
• What is a ring counter and its typical sequence with n flip-flops?
• In binary addition, overflow occurs when the carry into the most significant bit differs from the carry out of the most significant bit.